Answer
What is the app install banner (mini-infobar)?
The mini-infobar is a small automatic prompt Chrome for Android can show at the bottom of the screen once a site meets install criteria and engagement heuristics, offering a one-tap install without opening the browser menu. Developers can call preventDefault() on the beforeinstallprompt event to suppress it and instead show their own custom "Install" button, triggering the native dialog later at a more relevant moment.
Default behaviour
Once installability and engagement criteria are met, Chrome may show the mini-infobar automatically without any code from the developer.
Custom install UI
Capturing and calling preventDefault() on beforeinstallprompt, storing the event, and calling event.prompt() later lets you replace the automatic banner with your own contextual "Install app" button.
iOS has no equivalent
This entire mechanism is Chromium-specific — iOS Safari has no automatic banner of any kind.